Notes

Slide Show

Outline

1	Newark Octagon Earthworks Original Photographs of the nearly 2000 year old Native American geometric earthwork in Newark, Ohio, USA.
2	US Woodland Earthwork General Chronology The Chronology of North America The US Woodland Period (ca. 900 B.C. – A.D. 1000) Adena (ca. 900 BC – AD 100) Earthwork construction begins Cone-shaped, circular burial mounds Geometric circular embankments (similar to causewayed enclosures) Hopewell (ca. 100 BC – AD 500) Cone-shaped, circular burial mounds Flattop rectilinear burial mounds Long-mounds (similar to earthen long-barrows) Circular embankments (causewayed enclosures) Rectilinear embankments with causeways Complex earthworks Irregular earthworks with causeways Geometric earthworks Parallel embankments Ramps Late Woodland Cultures (ca. AD 500 – AD 1000) Earthwork construction ends Intrusive Mound Culture places burials into tops of mounds in pars of Ohio.
3	Location of Ohio Earthworks
4	Newark Earthworks: Salisbury Map from 1862
5	Newark Earthworks Aerial Map
6	Newark Earthworks Octagon and Circle Map and History
7	The Octagon's Southwest Wall
8	Intersection of the Octagon's Southwest Wall and the Neck
9	Intersection of the Neck and the Octagon
10	Neck: Linking Circle and Octagon
11	Observatory Mound Inside View in 1848 and 2004
12	Outside Observatory Mound
13	The Circle’s Walls (Outside View)
14	The Circle’s Walls (Top View)
15	Northwest Corner of the Octagon
16	Western Corner of Octagon with Causeway and Interior Mound
17	Octagon West Corner Mound and “Neck” Mound
18	Octagon Interior
19	Octagon Interior and Horizon Across Raccoon Creek
20	Octagon with Causeway and Inside Mound
21	Octagon and Observatory Circle Celestial Alignments
22	C¹⁴ Date from the Newark Circle and Octagon
23	"Credits" Credits