Footnotes

[1] All dates are calibrated, using Oxcal V. 2.18.

[2] Less clear is the dating and, therefore, the relationship to the small chambers and cists just west of the Oder (Schuldt 1975) and the three known urdolmen-like chambers in the Falköping area of Sweden (Bägerfeldt 1992).

[3] There are several chambers in Schleswig-Holstein. Others are on Fyn (Skulkenderup Mølle; Rosenberg 1929 Fig. 16), in east Germany (Tweetfort, Kr. Lübz; Rennebach 1974), Central Germany (Haldesleben 9; Schlette 1962), and in northwest Germany (Visbek, Sprockhoff 1975 No. 975).

[4] The Globular Amphora culture is a largely a Polish phenomenon. Its artifacts are found in parts of Germany together with late TRB artifacts (Nagel 1985). Although interpretations vary, the culture probably arises out of the eastern TRB, but influenced the western TRB.

[5] It is interesting to note, that the tombs of that area are near the later Roman road network, that connects almost directly to the southern coast of France.

[6]^. Martauzin-Neuville (Fra-98) 4060±100BP: 68.2% confidence 2870BC (0.21) 2810BC, 2770BC (0.12) 2720BC, 2700BC (0.67) 2490BC; 95.4% confidence 2900BC (1.00) 2350BC. Martauzin-Neuville (Lv-1243) 3790±90BP: 68.2% confidence 2460BC (0.07) 2430BC, 2400BC (0.89) 2130BC, 2070BC (0.04) 2040BC; 95.4% confidence 2500BC (1.00) 1950BC. (Krzak (1994, 446).

[7]^. Ignoring the spotty distribution and variety of different chamber types west of the Rhein, the collared flask fragment associated Schankweiler cist could indicate a link to the French gallery-graves. But the sherd was found outside the chamber. Collared flasks occur in the TRB West Group's passage-graves and some German gallery-graves. The French gallery-graves also contain collared flasks dated between 3400-2900 BC  (Boujot and Cassen 1993), but occur as secondary deposits in French passage-graves (Cassen personal comm. 1998).

[8] Not all TRB "central sites" provide clear evidence of causeways and palisades (e.g. Andersen 1996, Midgley 1992), while several well known later village sites, such as Troldebjerg and Spodsbjerg, sport elaborate palisades or fascines (Skaarup 1985).

[9] Gold arm rings were found at Schwesing, Schleswig-Holstein and some 100 km to the south accross the Elbe at Himmelpforten. The somewhat difficult excavation circumstances imply that the gold may be dated around 3600/3400 BC.